Kalighat painting is a style of art that originated in the vicinity of the Kali Temple in Kalighat, Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta), during the 19th century. It is a unique form of Indian folk art that emerged as a response to the changing social and cultural landscape of the time.
Kalighat paintings are known for their bold and expressive style, vibrant colors, and satirical social commentary. The subjects of these paintings range from mythological figures and Hindu deities to daily life scenes, social issues, and political satire. The artists often depicted the gods and goddesses in unconventional and sometimes humorous ways.
Originally, Kalighat paintings were created using bold lines and flat colors with water-based pigments, and the artists employed a distinctive shading technique called “wash.” However, with time, the style evolved, and the paintings started incorporating more intricate details and shading techniques.
The subjects of Kalighat paintings reflected the prevailing socio-political climate of the time, and they often satirized the hypocrisy, social norms, and issues faced by the society. Themes such as British colonial rule, social inequality, gender roles, and cultural changes were depicted in a satirical and often critical manner.
Kalighat paintings were initially created by patuas (scroll painters) who were known for their storytelling skills. However, as the popularity of the art form grew, it attracted artists from various backgrounds, including local artisans and students from art schools.
During the height of its popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kalighat paintings were in high demand among both local and foreign collectors. The art form gained recognition and popularity not only for its artistic merit but also for its ability to capture the essence of the changing society.
Today, Kalighat paintings are highly valued as cultural artifacts and artistic expressions of a bygone era. They are collected by art enthusiasts, displayed in museums, and showcased in art exhibitions globally. Although the popularity of the art form declined over time, efforts have been made to revive and preserve this unique tradition, ensuring its cultural significance continues to be appreciated.